What is the cause of avascular necrosis?
Avascular necrosis is a disease that results from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. It happens most commonly in the ends of a long bone. Avascular necrosis may be the result of injury, use of medicines, or alcohol. Or it may occur after bone injury or bone surgery.
What causes avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children?
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal femoral head resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. LCPD usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. The disease has an insidious onset and may occur after an injury to the hip.
How is avascular necrosis of the femoral head treated?
In early stages of AVN (precollapse), core decompression with or without bone graft is typically considered the most appropriate treatment. In late stages, characterized by collapse, femoral head deformity, and secondary osteoarthritis, total hip arthroplasty is the most appropriate treatment.
What is the most common site of avascular necrosis associated with femur fracture?
The most common sites for AVN to occur are the femoral head, knee, talus, and humeral head. The hip is the most common location overall. [2] AVN less commonly occurs in other bones of the body, such as the carpus and jaw.
Is avascular necrosis common in children?
Avascular necrosis, also known as AVN and osteonecrosis, is a disease caused from inadequate blood supply to the bone which leads to bone death. This disease is most common in adults aged 30-60 but can also occur in children, mainly from cancer therapy.
Is exercise good for avascular necrosis?
Exercise or physical activity that doesn’t involve putting weight through the hip joint is recommended, particularly for those that are in more advanced stages of AVN. Hydrotherapy, with its warm and buoyant properties can provide relief to the area as well as improved range of motion (movement) (2).
What happens to the femoral head during AVN?
In the environment of continued growth and good hip range of motion, both the hip ball (femoral head) and hip cup (acetabulum) change shape to regain a better “fit” or congruency. Older children have less growth potential and therefore are not as able to reverse the hip deformity that can occur with AVN.
Is bone avascular?
Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Also called osteonecrosis , it can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone’s eventual collapse. A broken bone or dislocated joint can interrupt the blood flow to a section of bone.
What causes interrupted blood flow in the hip?
For about 25 percent of people with avascular necrosis, the cause of interrupted blood flow is unknown. Risk factors for developing avascular necrosis include: Trauma. Injuries, such as hip dislocation or fracture, can damage nearby blood vessels and reduce blood flow to bones. Steroid use.
How does the femoral head affect the hip?
As we grow, the internal bone structure of the hip ball or femoral head becomes larger and becomes the main foundation to maintain the spherical shape. Second, children are still growing to include the femoral head.